exposure levels were found for workers involved with bundling and sorting(2).
[(1) Brouwer DH et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 58: 976-84 (1997) (2) Brouwer R et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 23: 273-80 (1992)] **PEER REVIEWED**


Natural Pollution Sources:
Abamectin (also known as avermectin B1; a mixture of at least 80% B1a and not more than 20% B1b) is found in nature as one of the compounds produced by the soil microbe Streptomycetes avermitilis.
[(1) Peterson RF et al; Photolytic Degradation of Formulated Avermectins: Effect of p-Aminobenzoic Acid (PABA). ASTM Spec Tech Publ. 1268: 88-96 (1996)] **PEER REVIEWED**


Artificial Pollution Sources:
Abamectin's production and use as an insecticide and acaricide(1) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).
[(1) Tomlin CDS; Pesticide Manual. 11th ed p. 3 (1997)] **PEER REVIEWED**


Environmental Fate:
TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 5000(2) indicates that abamectin is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of abamectin from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(3) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole (SRC), estimated using its vapor pressure, 1.5X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(4). Abamectin is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process as soil half-lives of 2 weeks to 2 months have been reported(5).
[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Augustijn- Beckers PWM et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 137: 1-82 (1994) (3) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Propert y Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (4) Budavari S, ed; The Merck Index. 12th ed Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., p. 1 (1996) (5) EXTOXNET; Extension Toxicology Network. Cornell Univ. Pesticide Information Profile Database on Abamectin (71751-41-2). Available from the database query page at: http://pmep.cce.cornell.edu/profiles/extoxnet/24d-captan/abamectin-ext.html as of Jan 3, 2001.] **PEER REVIEWED**

AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a reported Koc value of 5000 (2) indicates that abamectin is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-7 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), estimated using its vapor pressure, 1.5X10-9 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 0.01 mg/l(4). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 56(6) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC). Biodegradation in water and sediments may be an important environmental fate process as soil half-lives of 2 weeks to 2 months have been reported(7).
[(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Augustijn- Beckers PWM et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 137: 1-82 (1994) (3) L

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